Notes - Hirohito's War

   
Chapter 1 - Empires in Conflict
Chapter 2 - Ultra-nationalism and the Death of Democracy
Chapter 3 - Japan versus China: From Phoney War to Total War
Chapter 4 - Mobilization for War in Asia: America and Japan
Chapter 5 - Pearl Harbor: Yamamoto’s Great Mistake
Chapter 6 - Plan ORANGE and MacArthur’s Philippines Debacle
Chapter 7 - Invasion of Malaya: Yamashita’s ‘Bicycle Blitzkrieg’
Chapter 8 - Fall of Singapore: Churchill’s Sacrificial Pawn
Chapter 9 - Burma Corps: Humiliation Then a Fighting Retreat
Chapter 10 - Dutch East Indies and Japan’s Quest for Oil
Chapter 11 - Limits of Empire: Doolittle and New Military Strategies
Chapter 12 - Battle of the Coral Sea: The First Carrier ‘Shoot-Out’
Chapter 13 - Battle of Midway: Nimitz’s Lucky Day
Chapter 14 - Battles of the Kokoda Trail: Aussies Triumphant
Chapter 15 - Guadalcanal: Battles of Tulagi, Savo Island, Tenaru and East Solomons
Chapter 16 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson’s (Bloody) Ridge
Chapter 17 - Guadalcanal: Henderson Field and the Santa Cruz Islands
Chapter 18 - Battles of Buna-Gona-Sanananda: MacArthur’s Lies and Neglect
Chapter 19 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Tassafaronga and Final Reckonings
Chapter 20 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Tipping Point of US Air Supremacy
Chapter 21 - Yamamoto Assassinated and the Battle of New Georgia
Chapter 22 - The Huon Peninsula: Operation CARTWHEEL Completed
Chapter 23 - The Isolation of Rabaul and the Starvation of Bougainville
Chapter 24 - The Battles of Arakan, Imphal, and Kohima: Slim Boxes Clever
Chapter 25 - The ICHI-GO Campaign and the Battle of Myitkyina
Chapter 26 - Battle for China: FDR, Chiang, Mao, and ‘Vinegar Joe’
Chapter 27 - Jump to Hollandia: MacArthur’s Greatest Victory
Chapter 28 - Pacific Island Hop: The Gilberts, Marshalls, and Carolines
Chapter 29 - The Great Marianas ‘Turkey Shoot’
Chapter 30 - The Invasions of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam: General Tojo Upended
Chapter 31 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf: ‘Bull’ Halsey’s Mad Dash for Glory
Chapter 32 - “I Have Returned”: MacArthur Regains the Philippines
Chapter 33 - The Battle of the Irrawaddy River: Slim’s ‘Mandalay Feint’
Chapter 34 - Iwo Jima: The Iconic Battle of the Pacific War
Chapter 35 - The Battle of Okinawa: Slaughter of the Innocents
Chapter 36 - LeMay’s B-29 Superfortresses over Japan: Cities in Ashes
Chapter 37 - Potsdam, Hirohito, and the Atom Bomb
APPENDIX A - SUBMARINES: THE UNDERSEA WAR
APPENDIX B - RAW MATERIALS AND LOGISTICS
APPENDIX C - ECONOMICS OF THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX D - THE JAPANESE EMPIRE – FROM CO-PROSPERITY TO TYRANNY
APPENDIX E - TYPHOONS AND DIVINE WINDS: KAMIKAZE
APPENDIX K - THE BATTLE OF HONG KONG
APPENDIX L - THE BATTLES OF ATTU AND KISKA
APPENDIX N - THE ROLE OF OIL IN THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX O - JAPANESE–SOVIET CONFLICT IN SIBERIA, MONGOLIA AND MANCHURIA

CHAPTER 9 – BURMA CORPS, HUMILIATION THEN A FIGHTING RETREAT

1         Allen, Louis, Burma, The Longest War 1941-45 (Phoenix: New Edition, 2000) p.10

2         Latimer, Jon, Burma: The Forgotten War (John Murray, London, 2004) p.17

3         Ibid., p.17

4         Ibid., p.15

5         Warren, Alan, Burma 1942, The Road from Rangoon to Mandalay (Continuum International Publishing Group, London, 2011) p.50

6         Danchev, Alex and Daniel Todman, eds., Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord, War Diaries 1939 – 1945 (Phoenix, London, 2002) p.212

7         Hack, Karl and Kevin Blackburn, Did Singapore Have to Fall? Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress (RoutledgeCurzon, London, 2004) p.123

8         Latimer, Burma, p.60

9         Warren, Burma, p.47

10       Ibid., p.47

11       Ford, Daniel, Flying Tigers: Claire Chennault and his American Volunteers, 1941-1942, (Colins Publishers, 2010) p.211

12       Ibid., p.190

13       Warren, Burma, p.63

14       Latimer, Burma, p.48

15       Ibid., p.21

16       Ibid., p.53

17       Ibid., p.54

18       Danchev and Todman, ed., Alanbrooke, p.229

19       Latimer, Burma, p.20

20       Shores, Christopher F., Brian Cull and Izawa Yasuho, Bloody Shambles: The Complete Account of the Air War in the Far East, from the Defence of Sumatra to the Fall of Burma, 1942 (Grub Street Publishing, 1993) p.250

21       Ibid., p.251

22       Ibid., p.262

23       Ibid., p.267

24       Ibid., p.250

25       Ibid. p.251

26       Ibid. p.251

27       Ibid., p.262

28       Ibid., p.267

29       Ford, Daniel, Flying Tigers, p.223

30       Ibid., p.225-6

31       Ibid., p.224-5

32       Ibid., p.228

33       Thompson, Pacific Fury, p.263

34       Latimer, Burma, p.60

35       Tanner R.E.S and David A. Tanner, Burma 1942, Memories of a Retreat (The History Press, 2009) p.60

36       Slim, Field Marshall Viscount, Defeat into Victory (Cassell, Oxord, 1956) p.19

37       Latimer, Burma, p.61

38       Ibid., p.61

39       Ibid., p.61

40       Fowler, William, We Gave Our Today (Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2009 p.183

41       Ibid., p.183

42       Thompson, Julian, Forgotten Voices of Burma, The Second World War’s Forgotten Conflict (Ebury Press, paperback, UK, 2010) p.4

43       Latimer, Burma, p.63

44       Ibid., p.66

45       Thompson, Forgotten Voices, p.60

46       Allen, Burma, p.51

47       Ford, Flying Tigers, p.244

48       Allen, Burma, p.50

49       Costello, The Pacific War, p.190

50       Ibid., p.211

51       Fellowes-Gordon, Ian, The Battle for Naw Seng’s Kingdom: General Stilwell’s North Burma Campaign and its Aftermath (Leo Cooper, London, 1971) p.14

52       Mitter, Rana, China’s War with Japan 1937-1945 (Allen Lane, London, 2013) p.253

53       Brendon, Piers, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire (Vintage Books, London, 2008) p.405

54       McLynn, Frank, The Burma Campaign (Bodley Head, London, 2010) p.93

55       Fenby, Jonathan, Generalissimo, Chiang Kai-shek and the China He Lost (The Free Press, London, 2003) p.383

56       Mclynn, The Burma Campaign, p.47

57       Slim, Defeat into Victory (Pan Reprints Edition, 2009) p.51

58       Latimer, Burma, p.75

59       Taylor, Jay, The Generalissimo, Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China (First Harvard University Press, Paperback Edition, 2011) p.201

60       Allen, Burma, p.58-9

61       Fowler, We Gave Our Today, p.75

62       Ford, Flying Tigers, p.259

63       Ibid., p.260

64       Ibid., p.260

65       Ibid., p.263

66       Ibid., p.264

67       www.cnac.org/groh01.htm

68       Ford, Flying Tigers, p.268

69       Ibid., p.268

70       Slim, Defeat into Victory, p.51

71       Tuchman, Sand Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1911-45 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2001) p.282

72       Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, p.424

73       Tuchman, Stilwell, p.291

74       Slim, Defeat into Victory, p.55

75       Mclynn, The Burma Campaign, p.6

76       Ibid., p.46

77       Aung San Suu Kyi, Freedom from Fear (Penguin, New York, 1995)

78       Wintle, Justin, Perfect Hostage: Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma and the Generals (Arrow, London, 2007), p.56

79       Allen, Burma, p.21

80       Tuchman, Stilwell, p.274

81       Ibid., p.289

82       White, Theodore, ed., Stilwell, General Joseph, W., The Stilwell Papers (William Sloane Associates, New York, 1971) p.76

83       Ibid., p.77

84       Mitter, China’s War with Japan, p.257

85       Costello, The Pacific War, p.240

86       Tuchman, Stilwell, p.288

87       Costello, The Pacific War, p.240-1

88       Tuchman, Stilwell, p.272

89       Ibid., p.272

90       Latimer, Burma, p.97

91       Warren, Burma, p.209

92       Latimer, Burma, p.103

93       Warren, Burma, p.212

94       Ibid., p.209

95       New York Times, 21st Nov 1991

96       Warren, Burma, p.170

97       Slim, Defeat into Victory, p.90

98       Mitter, China’s War with Japan, p.257

99        Allen, Burma, p.76

100      Warren, Burma, p.225

101      Astor, The Jungle War, p.96

102      Latimer, Burma, p.106

103      Ibid., p.110

104      Fowler, We Gave Our Today, p.81

105      Latimer, Burma, p.111

106      Allen, Burma, p.83

107      Nesbit, Roy Conyers, The Battle for Burma (Pen & Sword, Barnsley, 2009) p.63

108      Fellowes-Gordon, Stilwell’s North Burma Campaign, p.19

109      Barnard, Jack, (Capt.), The Hump (Souvenir Press Ltd., London, 1960) p.141

110      Ibid., p.111

111      Ibid., p.122

112      Ibid., p.120

113      Ibid., p.120

114      Ibid., p.120

115      Latimer, Burma, p.117

116       Warren, Burma, p.234

117       Costello, The Pacific War, p.237

118       Pike, Francis, Empires at War, A Short History of Modern Asia Since World War II (I.B.Tauris, London, 2010) p.102

119       Costello, The Pacific War, p.242

120       Stilwell, Stilwell Papers, p.99

121       Ibid., p.296

122       Webster, Donovan, The Burma Road (MacMillan, London, 2004) p.41

123       Latimer, Burma, p.113

124       Ibid, p.113

125       McLynn, Burma, p.67

126       Mitter, China’s War with Japan, p.259

127       Ibid., p.260

128       Romanus, Charles F. and Riley Sutherland, United States Army in World War II, China-Burma-India Theater (Center of Military History, US Army, Government Printing Office, 2002) p.140

129       Webster, The Burma Road, p.45

130       Rooney, David, Stilwell the Patriot, Vinegar Joe, The Brits and Chiang Kai-shek (Greenhill Books, London, 2005) p.77

131       Tuchman, Stilwell, p.3

132       Mclynn, Burma, p.12

133       Slim, Defeat into Victory, p.125

134       Fowler, We Gave Our Today, p.59

135       Rooney, David, Stilwell the Patriot, Vinegar Joe. The Brits and Chiang Kai-shek (Greenhill Books, London, 2005) p.265

136       Moreman, Tim, The Jungle, Japanese and the British Commonwealth Armies at War, 1941-45 (Frank Cass, Abingdon, 2005) p.47

137       Ibid., p.47

138       Rottman, Gordon, The Japanese Army in World War II (Osprey, Oxford, 2005) p.57

139       Thompson, War in Burma, p.9

140       Warren, Burma, p.249

141       Ibid., p.249

142       Bix, Herbert, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (Duckworth, London, 2000) p.452