Notes - Hirohito's War

   
Chapter 1 - Empires in Conflict
Chapter 2 - Ultra-nationalism and the Death of Democracy
Chapter 3 - Japan versus China: From Phoney War to Total War
Chapter 4 - Mobilization for War in Asia: America and Japan
Chapter 5 - Pearl Harbor: Yamamoto’s Great Mistake
Chapter 6 - Plan ORANGE and MacArthur’s Philippines Debacle
Chapter 7 - Invasion of Malaya: Yamashita’s ‘Bicycle Blitzkrieg’
Chapter 8 - Fall of Singapore: Churchill’s Sacrificial Pawn
Chapter 9 - Burma Corps: Humiliation Then a Fighting Retreat
Chapter 10 - Dutch East Indies and Japan’s Quest for Oil
Chapter 11 - Limits of Empire: Doolittle and New Military Strategies
Chapter 12 - Battle of the Coral Sea: The First Carrier ‘Shoot-Out’
Chapter 13 - Battle of Midway: Nimitz’s Lucky Day
Chapter 14 - Battles of the Kokoda Trail: Aussies Triumphant
Chapter 15 - Guadalcanal: Battles of Tulagi, Savo Island, Tenaru and East Solomons
Chapter 16 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson’s (Bloody) Ridge
Chapter 17 - Guadalcanal: Henderson Field and the Santa Cruz Islands
Chapter 18 - Battles of Buna-Gona-Sanananda: MacArthur’s Lies and Neglect
Chapter 19 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Tassafaronga and Final Reckonings
Chapter 20 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Tipping Point of US Air Supremacy
Chapter 21 - Yamamoto Assassinated and the Battle of New Georgia
Chapter 22 - The Huon Peninsula: Operation CARTWHEEL Completed
Chapter 23 - The Isolation of Rabaul and the Starvation of Bougainville
Chapter 24 - The Battles of Arakan, Imphal, and Kohima: Slim Boxes Clever
Chapter 25 - The ICHI-GO Campaign and the Battle of Myitkyina
Chapter 26 - Battle for China: FDR, Chiang, Mao, and ‘Vinegar Joe’
Chapter 27 - Jump to Hollandia: MacArthur’s Greatest Victory
Chapter 28 - Pacific Island Hop: The Gilberts, Marshalls, and Carolines
Chapter 29 - The Great Marianas ‘Turkey Shoot’
Chapter 30 - The Invasions of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam: General Tojo Upended
Chapter 31 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf: ‘Bull’ Halsey’s Mad Dash for Glory
Chapter 32 - “I Have Returned”: MacArthur Regains the Philippines
Chapter 33 - The Battle of the Irrawaddy River: Slim’s ‘Mandalay Feint’
Chapter 34 - Iwo Jima: The Iconic Battle of the Pacific War
Chapter 35 - The Battle of Okinawa: Slaughter of the Innocents
Chapter 36 - LeMay’s B-29 Superfortresses over Japan: Cities in Ashes
Chapter 37 - Potsdam, Hirohito, and the Atom Bomb
APPENDIX A - SUBMARINES: THE UNDERSEA WAR
APPENDIX B - RAW MATERIALS AND LOGISTICS
APPENDIX C - ECONOMICS OF THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX D - THE JAPANESE EMPIRE – FROM CO-PROSPERITY TO TYRANNY
APPENDIX E - TYPHOONS AND DIVINE WINDS: KAMIKAZE
APPENDIX K - THE BATTLE OF HONG KONG
APPENDIX L - THE BATTLES OF ATTU AND KISKA
APPENDIX N - THE ROLE OF OIL IN THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX O - JAPANESE–SOVIET CONFLICT IN SIBERIA, MONGOLIA AND MANCHURIA

CHAPTER 36 – SUPERFORTRESSES OVER JAPAN: CITIES IN ASHES

1           Gardner, Fred Carl, A Year in the B-29 Superfortress: www.oregoncounsel/FAAACE/superfortress.html, (2005) p.3

2           Ibid., p.9

3           www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/flygirls/sfeature/waspsb29.html

4           Gardner, Superfortress, p.8

5           Hansell, Haywood S., The Strategic Air War Against Germany and Japan (Air Force History and Museums Program, 1986) p.138

6           Ibid., p.139-40

7           Ibid., p.143

8           Ibid., p.147

9           Ibid., p.144

10         Ibid., p.166

11         Frank, Richard B., Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (Random House, New York, 1999) p.54

12         Ibid., p.57

13         Morris, Errol, The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara, Documentary Film, 2003

14         Ibid.,

15         Frank, Downfall, p.59

16         Ibid., p.60

17         Costello, John, The Pacific War, 1941-1945 (Harper Perennial, New York, 2009) p.547

18         Frank, Downfall, p.62

19        Toland, John, Rising Sun, The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936-1945 (Random House, New York, 1970: Reprinted 2003) p.671

20         Costello, The Pacific War, p.548

21         Frank, Downfall, p.65

22         Ibid., p.4

23         Ibid., p.8

24         Toland, Rising Sun, p.674

25         Frank, Downfall, p.9

26         Ibid., p.13

27         Toland, Rising Sun, p.674

28         Ibid, p.745

29         Costello, The Pacific War, p.551

30         Frank, Downfall, p.13

31         Ibid., p.14

32         Ibid., p.67

33         Ibid., p.67

34         Ibid., p.73

35         Ibid., p.74

36         Tillman, Barret, Whirlwind: The Air War Against Japan, 1942–1945 (Simon & Schuster, New York, 2010) p.172-3

37         Toland, Rising Sun, p.744

38         Van der Vat, Dan, The Pacific Campaign, The US Naval War 1941-1945 (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1991) p.373

39         Frank, Downfall, p.153

40         Chilstrom, John S., Mines Away!: The Significance of US Army Air Force Minelaying in World War II (War College Series, 2015) p.18

41         Ibid., p.20

42         Ibid., p.23

43         Ibid., p.24

44         Frank, Downfall, p.80

45         Chilstrom, Minelaying, p.6

46         Ibid., p.30

47         Van der Vart, The Pacific Campaign, p.374

48        Ibid., p.374

49         Van der Vat, Dan, Pacific Campaign: The US-Japanese Naval War 1941 – 1945 (Simon & Schuster, 1992) p.372

50         Grayling A.C., Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan (New York: Walker Publishing, 2007) p.272

51       Mailonline, 15 February 2010

52         Weingartner, James J., Americans, Germans and War Crimes: Converging Narratives from the ‘Good War’ (Journal of American History 94. March 2008) p.1182

53         Twelve O’clock High [1949] Movie directed by Henry King.

54         Wells, Mark, K., Courage and Air Warfare: The Allied Aircrew Experience in the Second World War (Routledge, London, 1995) p.99

55         Overy, Richard, The Bombing War, Europe 1939-1945 (Allen Lane, London, 2013) p.613

56         McFarland, Stephen, America’s pursuit of Precision Bombing (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1995) p.187

57         Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (Pimlico, London, 1995) p.295

58         Frank, Downfall, p.67

59         Newman, Robert P., Enola Gay and the Court of History (Peter Lang Publishing, New York, 2004) p.37

60         Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (Pimlico, London, 2006) p.163

61         Grayling, Among the Dead Cities (New York: Walker Publishing, 2007) p.274

62         Ibid., p.275

63         www.avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague994.asp

64         Ibid.

65         Grayling, Among the Dead Cities, p.116

66         Overy, The Bombing War, p.632

67         Toland, Rising Sun, p.676

68         Ibid., p.677