Notes - Hirohito's War

   
Chapter 1 - Empires in Conflict
Chapter 2 - Ultra-nationalism and the Death of Democracy
Chapter 3 - Japan versus China: From Phoney War to Total War
Chapter 4 - Mobilization for War in Asia: America and Japan
Chapter 5 - Pearl Harbor: Yamamoto’s Great Mistake
Chapter 6 - Plan ORANGE and MacArthur’s Philippines Debacle
Chapter 7 - Invasion of Malaya: Yamashita’s ‘Bicycle Blitzkrieg’
Chapter 8 - Fall of Singapore: Churchill’s Sacrificial Pawn
Chapter 9 - Burma Corps: Humiliation Then a Fighting Retreat
Chapter 10 - Dutch East Indies and Japan’s Quest for Oil
Chapter 11 - Limits of Empire: Doolittle and New Military Strategies
Chapter 12 - Battle of the Coral Sea: The First Carrier ‘Shoot-Out’
Chapter 13 - Battle of Midway: Nimitz’s Lucky Day
Chapter 14 - Battles of the Kokoda Trail: Aussies Triumphant
Chapter 15 - Guadalcanal: Battles of Tulagi, Savo Island, Tenaru and East Solomons
Chapter 16 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson’s (Bloody) Ridge
Chapter 17 - Guadalcanal: Henderson Field and the Santa Cruz Islands
Chapter 18 - Battles of Buna-Gona-Sanananda: MacArthur’s Lies and Neglect
Chapter 19 - Guadalcanal: Battle of Tassafaronga and Final Reckonings
Chapter 20 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Tipping Point of US Air Supremacy
Chapter 21 - Yamamoto Assassinated and the Battle of New Georgia
Chapter 22 - The Huon Peninsula: Operation CARTWHEEL Completed
Chapter 23 - The Isolation of Rabaul and the Starvation of Bougainville
Chapter 24 - The Battles of Arakan, Imphal, and Kohima: Slim Boxes Clever
Chapter 25 - The ICHI-GO Campaign and the Battle of Myitkyina
Chapter 26 - Battle for China: FDR, Chiang, Mao, and ‘Vinegar Joe’
Chapter 27 - Jump to Hollandia: MacArthur’s Greatest Victory
Chapter 28 - Pacific Island Hop: The Gilberts, Marshalls, and Carolines
Chapter 29 - The Great Marianas ‘Turkey Shoot’
Chapter 30 - The Invasions of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam: General Tojo Upended
Chapter 31 - The Battle of Leyte Gulf: ‘Bull’ Halsey’s Mad Dash for Glory
Chapter 32 - “I Have Returned”: MacArthur Regains the Philippines
Chapter 33 - The Battle of the Irrawaddy River: Slim’s ‘Mandalay Feint’
Chapter 34 - Iwo Jima: The Iconic Battle of the Pacific War
Chapter 35 - The Battle of Okinawa: Slaughter of the Innocents
Chapter 36 - LeMay’s B-29 Superfortresses over Japan: Cities in Ashes
Chapter 37 - Potsdam, Hirohito, and the Atom Bomb
APPENDIX A - SUBMARINES: THE UNDERSEA WAR
APPENDIX B - RAW MATERIALS AND LOGISTICS
APPENDIX C - ECONOMICS OF THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX D - THE JAPANESE EMPIRE – FROM CO-PROSPERITY TO TYRANNY
APPENDIX E - TYPHOONS AND DIVINE WINDS: KAMIKAZE
APPENDIX K - THE BATTLE OF HONG KONG
APPENDIX L - THE BATTLES OF ATTU AND KISKA
APPENDIX N - THE ROLE OF OIL IN THE PACIFIC WAR
APPENDIX O - JAPANESE–SOVIET CONFLICT IN SIBERIA, MONGOLIA AND MANCHURIA

CHAPTER 37 – POTSDAM, HIROHITO AND THE ATOM BOMB

1       Rhodes, Richard, The Making of the Atom Bomb (Touchstone, New York, 1998) p.714

2       Ibid., p.714

3       Ibid., p.711

4       Regan, Donald T., For the Record (Hutchinson, London, 1998) p.120

5       Ham, Paul, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, The Real Story of the Atomic Bombings and their Aftermath (Black Swan, London, 2013) p.151

6       Ibid., p.137

7       Ibid., p.138

8       Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb, p.580

9       Ham, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, p.129

10     Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb, p.566

11     Ibid., p.566

12     Ibid., p.657

13     Ibid., p.657

14     Ham, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, p.251

15     Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb, p.664

16     Ibid., p.672

17     McCullough, David, Truman (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1992)

p.412

18     Ibid., p.447

19     Ibid., p.415

20     Alperovitz, Gar, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (Vintage Books, New York, 1995) p.334

21     Ibid., p.331-332

22     Ibid., p.331

23     Ibid., p.329

24     Acheson, Dean, The White House Years: Mandate for Change: 1953-1956: A Personal Account (New York: Doubleday, 1963) p. 312-313

25     Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, Introduction

26     Frank, Richard B., Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (Random House, New York, 1999) p.215

27     Ibid., p.232

28     Potsdam Declaration 26 July 1945

29     Ibid.

30     Ibid.

31     Ibid.

32     Ibid.

33     Ibid.

34     Frank, Downfall, p.210

35     McCullough, Truman, p.456

36     The Telegraph, 14 November 2015: www.telegraph.co.uk

37     Hamby, Alonzo, The Decision to Drop the Bomb (Journal of History, Vol. 84, no.2, September 1997)

38     McCullough, Truman, p.439

39     Bix, Herbert, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (Harper Collins, New York, 2001) p.513

40     Aperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, p.334

41     Ambrose Stephen E. and Douglas G. Brinkley, eds., American Foreign Policy since 1938 (Penguin, New York, 8th Revised Edition, 1997) p.47

42    Spencer Weart and Gertrud Szilard, Leo Szilard: His version of the Facts (MIT Press, 1978) p.184

43     Messer, Robert, The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Origins of the Cold War (The University of North Carolina Press, 2011) p.105

44     Zhukov, Georgii Kontantinovich, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov (Delacorte Press, New York, 1971) p.674-675

45     Zhukov, Georgi K., The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov (Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 1971) p.674-675

46     McCullough, Truman, p.383

47     Ibid., p.384

48     Ibid., p.444

49     Chace, James, Acheson, The Secretary of State who Created the American World (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1998) p.120

50     Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, p.333

51     Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, My Years in the State Department (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1965) p.113

52     Wellerstein, Alex, The Third Shot and Beyond (1945), 25 April 2012: www.blog.nuclearsecrecy.com

53     Compton A.H., E.O. Lawrence, J.R. Oppenheimer, and E. Fermi, Recommendations on the Immediate Use of Nuclear Weapons (US National Archives, Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers, Manhattan Engineer District, Harrison-Bundy File, Folder 76)

54     Ham, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, p.189-90

55     Ibid., p.190

55     Bix, Hirohito, p.509

56     Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb, p.697

57     Churchill, Winston S., Triumph and Tragedy (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1953) p.638-639

58     Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov, p. 674-675

59     McCullough, Truman, p.443

60     Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, p.327

61     Ibid., Introduction

62     McCullough, Truman, p.456

63     Ibid., p.456

64     Ibid., p.456

65     Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb, p.698

66     Bix, Hirohito, p.509

67     Ham, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, p.127

68     Bernstein, Barton J., Understanding the Atomic Bomb and the Japanese Surrender: Missed Opportunities, Little Known near Disasters, and Modern Memory (Diplomatic History, 19 March, 1995) p.235

69     Frank, Downfall, p.257

70     McCullough, Truman, p.413

71     Frank, Downfall, p.272

72     Ibid., p.288

73     McCullough, Truman, p.459

74     Frank, Downfall, p.296

75     Ibid., p.299

76     Bix, Hirohito, p.517

77     Danchev, Alex and Daniel Todman, eds., Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord, War Diaries 1939 – 1945 (Phoenix, London, 2002) p.716

78     Behr, Edward, Hirohito, Behind the Myth (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1989) p.393

79     Storry, Richard, A History of Modern Japan (Penguin Book, 1991) p.517

80     Frank, Downfall, p.302

81     McCullough, Truman, p.460

82     Frank, Downfall, p.304

83     Bailey, Paul J., Post War Japan: 1945 to the Present (Blackwell Publishers, 1996) p.21

84     Hastings, Max, Nemesis, The Battle for Japan 1944-5 (Harper Perennial, London, 2008) p.555

85     Frank, Downfall, p.311

86     Ibid., p.315

87     Frank, Downfall, p.319

88     Bailey, Post War Japan, p.21

89     Behr, Hirohito, p.377